Silver-graphene Oxide Composite for Optical Sensor

Silver-graphene Oxide Composite for Optical Sensor KHOSRO ZANGENEH KAMALI Unique LITERARY WORK DECLARATION FORM Unique In this work, a [emailprotected] oxide ([emailprotected]) nanocomposite-based optical sensor was produced for the location of biomolecules, for example, dopamine (DA), ascorbic corrosive (AA), and uric corrosive (UA). A fluid arrangement of [emailprotected] was readied utilizing a basic substance decrease technique, and it demonstrated a trademark surface plasmon reverberation (SPR) band at 402 nm. The SPR highlights of the [emailprotected] nanocomposite were utilized for the recognition of DA, AA, and UA. The SPR power based restrictions of location (LoDs) of DA, AA, and UA were 49 nM, 634 nM, and 927 nM, separately. The SPR band position-based LoDs of DA, AA, and UA were 30 nM, 1.64 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­M, and 2.15 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­M, individually. The present optical sensor was more touchy to DA than to UA and AA. The communications of the biomolecules with [emailprotected] were considered dependent on the thickness utilitarian hypothesis (DFT), and it was discovered that DA had more cooperatio n than AA and UA. This tale [emailprotected] nanocomposite is easy to get ready and indicated phenomenal dependability and affectability toward the recognition of biomolecules. The comparable material is utilized for colorimetric recognition of Mercury(II) particles (Hg(II)) that can show presence of 100  µM Hg(II) particles in arrangement by unaided eyes. The advancement of this optical sensor for Hg(II) utilizing silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) depends on the decrement in the restricted surface plasmon reverberation (LSPR) ingestion of the Ag NPs and the arrangement of silver-mercury (AgHg) amalgam. It is seen that expanding Hg(II) particles focus in the arrangement brings about the decline of LSPR force and decolouration of the arrangement. The presence of GO forestalls the agglomeration of Ag NPs and improves the steadiness of the nanocomposite material, empowering this material to be utilized in mechanical and genuine example applications. ABSTRAK Di sini, oksida perak @ graphene (Ag @ GO) berdasarkan nanokomposit-sensor optik telah dibangunkan untuk mengesan biomolekul seperti dopamine (DA), asid askorbik (AA), dan asid urik (UA). Larutan akueus Ag @ GO telah disediakan dengan menggunakan kaedah pengurangan kimia yang mudah, dan ia menunjukkan satu ciri plasmon permukaan resonans (SPR) band di 402 nm. Ciri-ciri SPR daripada Ag @ GO nanokomposit telah digunakan untuk mengesan DA, AA, dan UA. Had keamatan-pengesanan (LoDs) bagi SPR berdasarkan daripada DA, AA, dan UA adalah masing-masing 49 nM, 634 nM, dan 927 nM,. The band SPR berdasarkan kedudukan-LoDS daripada DA, AA, dan UA adalah masing-masing 30 nM, 1.64 uM, dan 2.15 uM. Sensor optik masa kini adalah lebih sensitif kepada DA daripada UA dan AA. Interaksi daripada biomolekul dengan Ag @ GO dikaji berdasarkan ketumpatan teori fungsional (DFT), dan didapati bahawa DA mempunyai interaksi lebih daripada AA dan UA. Novel ini Ag @ GO nanokomposit adalah mudah untuk menyediakan d an menunjukkan kestabilan yang sangat baik dan kepekaan terhadap pengesanan biomolekul.Bahan yang sama telah digunakan untuk pengesanan colorimetric particle Mercury(II), (Hg(II)) yang mampu dilihat dengan kewujudan 100 ÃŽÂ ¼M particle Hg(II) dalam larutan dengan mata kasar. Pembangunan sensor optik bagi Hg(II) menggunakan nanozarah perak (Ag NPS) adalah berdasarkan pengurangan pada penyerapan Ag NPs resonan plasmon permukaan setempat (LSPR) dan pembentukan amalgam perak-merkuri (AgHg). Dapat diperhatikan bahawa peningkatan kepekatan particle Hg(II) memberikan hasil pengurangan pada intensiti LSPR dan perubahan warna. Peningkatan jumlah particle Hg(II) pada satu tahap membawa perubahan dalam morfologi Ag NPs dan pembentukan amalgam AgHg yang mempengaruhi LSPR Ag NPS dan menjadikan perubahan warna pada [emailprotected] Kehadiran GO menghalang penggumpalan Ag NPS dan meningkatkan kestabilan bahan nanokomposit yang membolehkan bahan ini untuk digunakan dalam industri dan aplikasi sa mpel sebenar. Affirmations/DEDICATION Chapter by chapter guide Chapter by chapter guide SILVER-GRAPHENE OXIDE COMPOSITE FOR OPTICAL SENSOR APPLICATIONS Unique LITERARY WORK DECLARATION FORM Theoretical ABSTRAK Affirmations/DEDICATION Chapter by chapter guide Rundown OF FIGURES Rundown OF TABLES Rundown OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Rundown OF APPENDICES Section 1: INTRODUCTION Section 2: LITRETURE REVIEW 2.1. Plasmonic band of metal Nanoparticles 2.2. Graphene Oxide 2.3. Sensor 2.3.1. Electrochemical sensor 2.3.2. Surface improved Raman dissipating 2.3.3. Optical sensor 2.4.2 Amalgamation and LSPR Section 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.1. Synthetic concoctions and Reagents 3.2. Arrangement of [emailprotected] Nanocomposite 3.3. Portrayal Techniques 3.4. Optical Detection of Biomolecules 3.5. Optical Detection of Hg(II) particles Section 4: RESULTS AND DESCUSSIONS 4.2. Optical Sensing of Biomolecules utilizing [emailprotected] Nanocomposite 4.2.1. Morphological Studies of [emailprotected] after Addition of Biomolecules 4.2.2. Raman Studies of [emailprotected] Nanocomposite 4.2.3. Computational Studies 4.3. Optical detecting of Hg(II) particles 4.3.1. Optical properties of [emailprotected] nanocomposites 4.3.2. Optical detecting of Hg(II) particles by [emailprotected] nanocomposite 4.3.3. Instrument for the Amalgamation based recognition of Hg(II) particles with [emailprotected] nanocomposite 4.3.4. Portrayal of [emailprotected] nanocomposite when expansion of Hg(II) particles 4.3.5. Selectivity of [emailprotected] nanocomposite based optical sensor 4.3.6. Functional application Part 5: CONCLUSION AND DISCISSION REFERENCES Advantageous Reference section Rundown OF FIGURES Figure 1: UV-vis assimilation spectra of (an) AgNO3 (b) GO, and (c) [emailprotected] nanocomposite. Inset: Photograph got for the watery arrangement of incorporated [emailprotected] nanocomposite. Figure 2: (An) Absorption spectra acquired for [emailprotected] nanocomposite upon every expansion of 100 nM DA. (B) Plot of ingestion power versus DA fixation. (C) Plot of Id versus DA focus. (D) Plot of ÃŽ »max versus DA fixation. Figure 3: (An) Absorption spectra acquired for [emailprotected] nanocomposite upon every expansion of 5  µM AA. (B) Plot of ingestion power versus AA fixation. (C) Plot of Id versus AA focus. (D) Plot of ÃŽ »max versus AA fixation. Figure 4: (An) Absorption spectra acquired for [emailprotected] nanocomposite upon every expansion of 5  µM UA. (B) Plot of ingestion power versus UA fixation. (C) Plot of Id versus UA focus. (D) Plot of ÃŽ »max versus UA fixation. Figure 5: TEM pictures of (An) as-arranged [emailprotected] nanocomposite and after increments of (B) AA, (C) UA, and (D) DA. Figure 6: Raman spectra of (a) [emailprotected] and (b) [emailprotected] with 1-à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­M augmentations of (b) DA, (c) UA, and (d) AA. Figure 7: Electron thickness guide and vitality hole of HOMO and LUMO vitality levels for Ag and DA, UA, and AA adducts, individually determined by DFT strategies. Figure 8: Absorption spectra for the (an) AgNO3, (b) GO and [emailprotected] nanocomposite. Figure 9: Absorption unearthly changes watched for the [emailprotected] nanocomposite (A) preceding and (B) after the expansion of 200  µM Hg(II) particles. Inset: The computerized photographic pictures taken for the comparing arrangement. Figure 10: (An) Absorption unearthly changes watched for [emailprotected] nanocomposite upon every expansion of 100 nm ÃŽ ¼M of Hg(II) particles to the arrangement. (B) Plot of changes in the assimilation power most extreme at ÃŽ »LSPR of [emailprotected] nanocomposite against different Hg(II) particles concentr Figure 11: (A) Schematic clarify the capacity of GO in the recognition Hg(II) particles. (an) Addition of Hg(II) particles into an answer containing [emailprotected] nanocomposite. (b) Adsorption of Hg(II) particles on the outside of GO. (c) Interaction of Hg(II) particles with Ag NPs and arrangement of AgHg amalgam. (B) Schematic portrayal for the arrangement of AgHg amalgam and its impact in ingestion spectra of the Ag NPs present in the [emailprotected] nanoparticles. Figure 12: Overview and high amplification TEM pictures acquired for the [emailprotected] nanocomposite previously (An andB) and after expansion of 200  µM Hg(II) particles (C and D). Figure 13: X-beam diffraction designs acquired for the [emailprotected] nanocomposite (a) preceding and (b) after expansion of 200  µM Hg(II) particles. Figure 14: XPS spectra acquired for the AgHg amalgam particles and their relating (An) Ag 3d and (B) Hg 4f areas of center level spectra. Figure 15: Cyclic voltammograms recorded in 0.1 M phosphate cradle arrangement with pH 7.0 at a sweep pace of 50 mV sâˆ'1 for the GC cathode covered with the arrangement containing [emailprotected] nanocomposite (A) preceding and (B) after expansion of 200  µM Hg(II) particles. Figure 16: Difference in level of Ag NPs absorbance top decrease watched for [emailprotected] nanocomposite within the sight of 200  µM Hg(II), Na(I), K(I), Mn(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Fe(II) and Fe(III) into the individual arrangements. Inset: Photograph taken after the expansion of 200  µM of Hg(II) ), Na(I), K(I), Mn(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Fe(II) and Fe(III) into the individual arrangement. Rundown OF TABLES Table 1: Analytical exhibitions of [emailprotected] nanocomposite for the discovery of DA, UA and AA in human pee test. Table 2: Comparison of the detecting execution of a portion of the Ag NPs towards Hg(II) particles. Table 3: Determination of Hg(II) particles in various water tests by utilizing [emailprotected] nanocomposite. Rundown OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS DAdopamine UAuric corrosive AAascorbic corrosive LoD breaking point of Detection LSPRlocalized surface plasmon reverberation SPRsurface plasmon reverberation SERSsurface improved reverberation plasmon dispersing mmili  µmicro nnano Mmolar HPLChigh-execution fluid chromatography NPsnanoparticles Hg(II) ionmercury (II) particle GOgraphene oxide rGOreduced graphene oxide GCEglassy carbon e

Mark Twain Essays - English-language Films, Picaresque Novels

Imprint Twain Essays - English-language Films, Picaresque Novels Imprint Twain In his renowned novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain composes a great American experience story, complete with moral predicaments, the subject of a person against society, and the notorious excursion into development. In any case, the focal point of his book isn't on the experience itself, but instead on the pseudo dad child relationship that springs up among Jim and Huck during their journey down the Mississippi. Huck, a graceless, down to earth kid, has had close to nothing if any controlling impact in his life. His dad Pap is a damaging alcoholic who seizes him in the start of the novel, putting things in place for his vanishing and the following excursion. Huck meets Jim, a got away from slave, and acknowledges him as a partner, as they are both running for their opportunity. Be that as it may, Huck despite everything sees Jim as a slave, a bit of property, instead of a human. This progressions as the two excursion down the Mississippi River, getting reliant on o ne another, one filling both a functional ! also, enthusiastic need of the other. This bond starts to blur from see as the book strays from Huck and Jim with the presentation of the Duke and the Dauphin, and gets continuously further from see towards the finish of the book. In the end, When Twain re-presents Tom toward the finish of the novel, he expels Huck and Jim?s relationship as the focal point of the book and along these lines weakens his message. Huck and Jim start their movements together as two altogether different individuals running a similar way, yet end as the nearest of companions. Initially, Huck and Jim remain together out of need in light of the fact that Jim needs a white individual to run with to abstain from being caught as a slave, and Huck is desolate without anyone else. Running together, they bit by bit become old buddies, however their fellowship isn't established until they are isolated and later rejoined in section fifteen. In this part, the two are isolated in a thick haze close to Cairo, their goal, where the Ohio waterway joins the Mississippi. After numerous hours, Huck at long last advances back to the pontoon, which he finds with one broken paddle and secured with flotsam and jetsam. Jim is resting, Huck, still in a silly perspective, chooses to pull a prank on Jim by imagining that he was rarely lost. He professes to wake up close to Jim, who is excited to see him, and persuades him that the entire scene was a fantasy. When Jim at long last rea! lizes that Huck is tricking him, he advises him pointedly for it, ?my heart wuz mos' down and out bekase you wuz los', en I didn' k'yer no' mo' what become er me en de raf'. En when I wake up en fine you back agin, all protected en soun', de tears come, en I could a got down on my knees en kiss yo' foot, I's so grateful. En all you wuz thinkin' 'session wuz how you could make an imbecile uv ole Jim wid an untruth. Dat truck dah is TRASH; en garbage is the thing that individuals is dat puts soil on de head er dey fren's en makes them embarrassed. (Twain, 109) It is here that Jim?s relationship with Huck?s truly gets fatherly, for Jim?s words are those of a mindful dad whose child has acted despicably. Jim?s words have a significant effect on Huck, who understands that Jim is an individual, and that his sentiments can be harmed. Despite his previous companionship with Jim, he despite everything thought of him as a humble slave up to that point. In the mid 1800?s in the South, blacks were slaves, and the social request was acknowledged. The vast majority barely cared about dark rights, they were viewed as property. As Huck states, I was taking a poor elderly person's nigger that hadn't ever done me no harm?(Twain, 271) Twain?s establishment of Jim as an emblematic dad for Huck is a dismissal of this assessment, in that he sees Jim as an individual, and a much better one than Huck?s genuine dad who, in spite of his white skin, never regarded Huck as a decent dad should. Pap appears to embody the whites in this story, the greater part of whom are morally fruitless somehow. The Duke and

How to Write Case Study Essay - Create a Solution-Based Case Study

How to Write Case Study Essay - Create a Solution-Based Case StudyWriting a case study is one of the essential steps in writing an effective and competent essay. This is an essay that highlights the problems of a specific person or a company and helps readers gain a better understanding of the situation that the person or company found itself in.In order to write an essay on a specific problem, you have to first identify what the problem is. Then you must have enough information to get the point across. Since case studies are based on facts, you need to provide more details and examples to create depth and credibility in your essay.Writing a case study can be a daunting task if you do not know how to write a case study essay. Many people hesitate to venture into writing because they think that it will take too much time and effort to put all the details in. It may take a longer time to finish this work but it will definitely be worth it in the end. When you get this work done, you wi ll feel proud of yourself and when the time comes for the final draft, you will feel good about it.Before writing the case study, you need to define what the problem is. The first step to solving a problem is defining it. Once you define it, you can start with writing the case study. Keep the focus on the problem and then explain it clearly in the essay.When writing the case study, there are some important elements that you need to consider. These elements include the main topic of the case study. You also need to establish whether the problem is tangible or intangible. To do this, you need to try and figure out the actual cause of the problem.Once you determine the cause of the problem, you have to look at the impact it has on the people involved. The people who have to deal with the problem should be the main focus of the case study. They are the ones who have to solve the problem and they are the ones who can benefit from it in the long run.The next step is defining the problem t hat was posed in the case study. You should make sure that the results of the case study are considered and that the solutions are explained clearly. Then you need to consider the reaction of the people involved in the case study.Finally, you need to discuss the solution that was given by the people who had to deal with the problem. This is the best way to solve the problem and show them that you understand what they went through. With these basic steps, you can successfully write a case study essay.

Cbt Brief And Time Limited - 1602 Words

CBT is known to be brief and time limited. Unlike psychoanalysis, CBT doesn’t dig in too deep and focuses more in the present rather than the past. This type of therapy is also known to be very structured and the relationship with the therapist is not a focus of treatment (Sacks, 2007). CBT has a high work commitment and work doesn’t end when the session ends. When working with CBT the client has to be willing to work outside of therapy on their own as well. This is a collaborative modality which the therapist and client work together to set goals (Sacks, 2007). CBT Pros Some don’t like this type of therapy because homework is expected from them and reminds them of their schooldays, but others like this type of therapy because it is brief and goal focused (Sacks, 2007). It is also more affordable than other types of therapy (shorter in length), including psychoanalysis. Clients also find CBT appealing because they feel empowering due to the techniques they acquire and the knowledge they gain from homework. Skills learned in CBT can be applied by clients in their everyday life. Another reason why clients like CBT is because they work hand in hand with their therapists (teamwork) (Sacks, 2007). CBT Cons There are some who don’t like CBT because it seems a little superficial to them because only current issues are focused on and ignores issues from the past, especially childhood ones which are the ones clients usually struggle with. Not a lot of clients are willing to putShow MoreRelatedShort Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy ( Stpp )828 Words   |  4 Pages, transference). Awareness of emotional trigger to these defensive unconscious reactions can help begin the process of changing the recurring patterns. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy According to the theory regarding cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), the human mind organizes information regarding general knowledge of the self and world in certain patterns called schemata (Driessen et al., 2007). These organized patterns of thought and behavior help with processing and interpreting informationRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Interventions For Anxiety Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesInterventions for Anxiety for Use With Adults in Integrated Primary Care Settings Zaka Siddiqi General Psychology Mrs. Landman Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions for Anxiety Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of Psychotherapy. It was originally designed to treat depression, but is now used for a number of mental disorders. It works to solve current problems and change unhelpful thinking and behavior. This article based on cognitive behavior thatRead MoreA Reflective And Competent Practitioner Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pages Guiding Theory Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an insight-focused therapy that emphasizes the here-and-now (Corey, 2009). It typically is brief and time-limited therapy that is collaborative in nature, fairly structured and empirically based (Freeman, Felgoise, Nezu, Nezu, Reinecke, 2005). Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck are the major names that arise when discussing CBT. My theoretical orientation slants more towards the foundations of CBT set by Beck. Beck contends that individual perceptionsRead MoreApplication Of Theory Guidelines1693 Words   |  7 Pagescounseling, interpersonal persuasion, psychosocial education, and personal coaching (Prochaska Norcross, 2010). Psychotherapy also carries the objective of helping people make therapeutic changes and to also reach mutually agreed-upon goals at the same time. Part 1 2: Discussion of Psychotherapy Theories Psychotherapy theory provides a structured framework, filters relevant data, and assists clinician to guide their practice. Among the many different psychotherapy modalities that were introducedRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy ( Cbt ) Essay1717 Words   |  7 PagesCognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is an insight-focused therapy that emphasizes the here-and-now. It is typically brief and time-limited, collaborative in nature, fairly structured and empirically based (Freeman, Felgoise, Nezu, Nezu, Reinecke, 2005). Aaron Beck is a major name that arises when discussing the origins of CBT. Beck (1970) contends that individual perceptions of events shape feelings and behaviors. This theory places emphasis on the concept of automatic thoughts. Automatic thoughtsRead MoreThe Use Of Antidepressant Medication ( Adm )834 Words   |  4 Pagescognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a common MDD treatment strategy (Cornelius, Douaihy, Krisci Daley, 2014). Specifically, CBT emphasizes th e acquisition and use of skills to offset depressive symptoms and facilitate better treatment outcomes (Hundt, Mignogna, Underhill Cully, 2013). To evaluate the effects of CBT skills on treating depression in adults, Hundt, Mignogna, Underhill and Cully (2013) evaluated studies that measured the patient’s frequency and quality of CBT skills used. Hundt etRead MoreEvaluation Of An Effective Treatment Plan985 Words   |  4 Pagesgranddaughter to do all of her out of the home errands. After a multitude of characteristics were identified, intervention/treatment plan can be developed. Client alongside counselor will work together to develop an effective treatment plan. In reference to CBT a treat plan is â€Å"strategy between patient and therapist that gives direction to therapeutic process†. Client will be in charge of developing three goals that she will like to complete or work toward during sessions. Client will be asked to list threeRead MoreTreatment And Commitment Therapy ( Cbt ) And Cognitive Therapy1220 Words   |  5 PagesBehavioral Therapy (CBT) (Leichsenring, et al. 2012). This paper will review the and compare the efficiency of PT on patients with social anxiety disorder, and compare it to the efficiency of ACT on patients with similar anxiety disorders. The Authors opened with a brief discussion of SAD. They reported it has one of the highest lifetime prevalence rates of mental disorders at 12 percent (Leichsenring et al. 2012). PT is frequently used to treat SAD, but there is a limited amount of evidenceRead MoreIs Self Esteem Is The Most Consistent Predictor Of The Likelihood And Extent Of Substance Abuse1668 Words   |  7 Pagesgathering of baseline information, the application of a treatment and measurement of the effects of the treatment; and of what happens when the treatment is removed and then again applying the treatment and measuring the change. With the amount of time allowed, the ABAB design worked best. Measurement Tool The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSS) was used to measure the clients level of self-esteem. The RSS is a 10 item scale that measures self-worth by evaluating both positive and negative feelingsRead MoreSingle System Design : An Objective Predictor Of The Likelihood And Extent Of Substance Abuse1284 Words   |  6 Pagesgathering of baseline information, the application of a treatment and measurement of the effects of the treatment; and of what happens when the treatment is removed and then again applying the treatment and measuring the change. With the amount of time allowed, the ABAB design worked best. Measurement Tool The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSS) was used to measure the clients level of self-esteem. The RSS is a 10 item scale that measures self-worth by evaluating both positive and negative feelings

Similarities Between the Philosophies from Machiavellis...

In Machiavelli’s The Prince, he stats that it is better to be feared than loved, but that one should avoid being despised and hated. With these concepts at hand we can compare these philosophies to one of Shakespeare’s most famous plays Macbeth. This play can be analyzed through two important characters Macbeth and Duncan. They both have their own tragic flaws and how they came to power. But Macbeth had gained his title illegitimately. Before comparing the two characters to Machiavelli’s Prince, we must understand Machiavelli’s views on the subject. In chapter XVII Machiavelli stats that it is good to be both loved and feared but that combination is rare to exist in one person. So instead he says â€Å"that every prince ought to†¦show more content†¦However, Macbeth had become to overzealous and ambitious that he eventually killed his king to take his crown. This is where Macbeth falls short and out of grace. Because of Macbeth’s am bition he had broken the great chain of beings and the world was flung into chaos. Also in the play Macbeth, before Macbeth was convinced to murder Duncan he told Lady Macbeth that â€Å"If it were done when ‘tis done, then ‘twere well it were done quickly. If th’ assassination could trammel up the consequence and catch with his surcease success†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ( I, 7, 1-4). In this quote he is stating that if he could kill Duncan without any consequences he would do it. However Macbeth knows this is impossible. Machiavelli also agrees with Macbeth for he states that â€Å"For whereas in general the conspirator has to fear, before the execution of his plot, in this case he has also to fear the sequel to the crime; because on account of it he has the people for an enemy, and thus cannot hope for any success.†(Machiavelli) This quote also helps supports Machiavelli’s ideas on the thin line of being feared and hated. After Macbeth killed Duncan he started to lose himself and started to become extremely paranoid to the point that he could no longer trust anyone. Even his wife that helped convince him to kill Duncan in the first place. This eventually leads over to where he believes that his right hand man Banquo will betray him and kill him. So Macbeth has him killed instead so that way a prophecy he

Homeless Children The Poverty Rate, Lack Of Affordable...

Homeless Children According to recent reports child homelessness, an estimated 2.5 million children are homeless in the United States. Sadly, nearly half of these children are under the age of five. In fact, one in every thirty children is considered homeless and the numbers continue to increase annually (Bassuk, E., DeCandia, C., Beach, C., Berman, F., 2014) Though many factors contribute to this social epidemic, the high poverty rate, lack of affordable housing and single parent households are the most notable influences nationally. The most vulnerable of the population are African American and Hispanic single mothers with poor education (Bassuk, E.et al. ,2014 ) . These families tend to have low paying jobs, live in dangerous neighborhoods and have unreliable transportation. With limited resources available to sustain economic security, families become homeless and the children suffer the consequences. Homelessness children are subjected to harsh living conditions and traumatic events that have lasting effects on their overall health. From conception and throughout life the experience of homelessness impedes the physical, emotional, cognitive, social, and behavioral development of children (Bassuk, E.et al. ,2014) . By understanding the factors that affect healthy development, appropriate intervention and prevention strategies can be implemented to ensure resilience and healthy development. Literature Review Biological Multiple factors contribute to theShow MoreRelatedAffordable Housing Is A Problem For The Working Poor901 Words   |  4 Pagesmillion homeless people in the United States, and that number not only includes individuals but families and children. These numbers are quite astounding to me, because we live in a nation full of opportunities for anyone seeking to have a better life for their family. However, not enough affordable housing is one the main reasons for homelessness. From the late 1980, affordable housing became a problem for the working poor. ‘Despite improvements in employment, the number of people in poverty (4.8Read MoreThe Outcasts Of Society, The Lazy And Incompetent, Or The Victims Of Extreme Misfortunes?1607 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals are at risk of experiencing temporary homelessness at a certain point in a particular year with some 1.35 million children based on the report by the National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty (Aratani). In 2005, 50 percent of the cities in the US were surveyed and reported domestic violence, classified as a traumatic life event, to be the primary cause of homeless (Philipps). The cities that were surveyed include Cedar Rapids, Chicago, Los Angeles, Burlington, Nashville, St. Paul, SaltRead MoreHomelessness And The United Kingdom1747 Words   |  7 Pagesglobalised concern for centuries. In United Kingdom homelessness predominantly describes in the lines homeless legislation such the Housing Act (2004) and Homeless persons Act (2002) Burrows, Pleace and Quilgars, (2004). This in predominantly surrounding who is perceived as homeless based certain criteria whereby the individual cannot be intentional homeless. However, priority is given to women who have children and women who are vulnerable, in cases such as domestic violence, abuse and mental illness (FitzpatrickRead MoreHomelessness : The Homeless Population Essay1703 Words   |  7 Pagesdiversity. Often times individuals expe riencing homeless are judged by their outer appearance with no regard for the contributing factors to the situation. According to the National Alliance to End Homelessness, â€Å"in January 2014, there were 578,424 people experiencing homelessness on any given night in the United States. Of that number, 216,197 are people in families, and 362,163 are individuals† (National Alliance to End Homelessness, 2015). The homeless population contains â€Å"about 15 percent who areRead MoreA Survey On Homelessness And Poverty1404 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals are at risk of experiencing temporary homelessness at a certain point in a particular year with some 1.35 million children based on the report by the National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty (Aratani). In 2005, 50 percent of the cities in the US were surveyed and reported domestic violence, classified as a traumatic life event, to be the primary cause of homeless (Philipps). The cities that were surveyed include Cedar Rapids, Chicago, Los Angeles, Burlington, Nashville, St. Paul, SaltRead MoreHomelessness1688 Words   |  7 Pages a person who is homeless lives in public. The lack and destruction of federal housing programs and increasing rents forced those who are homeless to do in public what everyone prefers to do in private. According to the website, National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty, the Low Income Housing Information Service estimates that â€Å"there are twice as many low-income families searching for housing as there are units available†, many of which are waiting on Section 8 housing, a list that couldRead MoreThe Problem Of Homelessness And The Housing Crisis Essay4360 Words   |  18 Pages Vulnerable families were hit hard by the recent recession and housing crisis. Rates of homelessness and housing instability among families with children increased during this period, and thousands of families in the United States remain without safe, stable, affordable housing (Cortes, Dunton, Henry, Rolston, Khadduri, 2012). Families without adequate housing face barriers to multiple aspects of wellbeing including physical and mental health, educational and employment opportunities, family stabilityRead MoreTexas Housing Problems1443 Words   |  6 PagesThe Challenge of Affordable Housing in Texas Texas has for many years been acknowledged for maintaining significantly affordable housing rates despite various economic changes experienced across America. Majority of the people living in Texas fall under the categories of low and middle-income earners. In Texas if ou are making minimum wage, you won’t be able to make rent. In this study it tells us that if â€Å" The average Texan household will need 2.4 minimum wage earners or 97 hours of minimum wageRead MoreThe Epidemic of Homelessness in America Essay2375 Words   |  10 Pageseconomy and high unemployment rates homelessness is on the rise at an alarming rate. Homelessness is worse in some areas of the United States compared to other areas because of incomes that are drastically falling, jobs that are no longer very secure which offer fewer benefits to the worker and their family members. The United States is experiencing the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. Necessary wages made by the hour only im proved by one-sixth of the rate from 2007 for employees inRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Poverty1511 Words   |  7 PagesPoverty is characterized by a specific dollar value for yearly income, and is used as a threshold for families of a given size in a given year, and if the family income falls below that line, the family is considered to be in poverty (Aber, Morris, Raver, 2012). The family self-sufficiency standard serves as an additional measure of poverty, considering what it would take to meet family’s basic needs, such as food, water, warmth, and rest, all without being dependent on external government or charitable

Dreamer That Makes His Dreams Come True free essay sample

The dreamer who makes his dreams comes true Moss Kendrix was born in Atlanta, Georgia in 1917. He attended public school like every other African American child his age. He attended Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia. While he attended Morehouse College he was the editor the Morehouse newspaper, The Maroon Tiger. He was a devoted member of the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity, and co-founder of the Phi Delta Delta Journalism Society. He graduated from Morehouse College in 1939, and created the first National Negro Newspaper Week. He applied and then was accepted into Howard University’s Law School. He married Dorothy Johnson, and had two children with her. From 1941 to 1944 he served in the United States Army. During his time served in the army he worked in the Treasury Department in the War and Finance Office. It was then he got his first taste of working with Public Relations. He appeared on television shows and talked on radio talk shows working to promote the war. In 1944 he started his own public relations firm, The Moss Kendrix Organization; the company’s motto was â€Å"What the Public Thinks Counts. He started his business based on the conclusion that African Americans were a large part of the consumer market in the United States at that time. Knowing this he invested a large quantity of time and effort into the development of this highly unacknowledged market. The Coca-Cola Company, Carnation, the National Dental Association, the National Educational Association were some of his many clients. In addition to running his own Public Relations firm he was the host of a weekly radio program show, â€Å"Profiles of Our Times. † During the early 1900s African Americans made up a large part of consumer market. Nehi’s grape and orange flavored soda was popular. Coca-Cola was also another popular brand of drink, but it wasn’t as popular in the African American society as it should have. Kendrix noticed this gap, and put his knowledge and skills to the test. In the early 1950s he went to the Coca-Cola company office, and offered his proposal on how to better market Coca-Cola in African American Communities; Coca-Cola Company hired him that same year as a retainer. He became the first African American to acquire a major cooperate account. He wanted to use Jackie Robinson, a famous baseball player, and his Jackie Robinson Bat Boy and Girl Good Citizenship Corps, a contest â€Å"Who Are American’s Twelve Leading Negro Citizens†, and a Coca-Cola Scholarship Contest for High School Seniors to promote Coca-Cola products. He used advertising, public relations, and sales promotion to get the word out about what he was trying to do. He used the Negro press, newspapers, and magazines as the primary source for information about his proposal. He planned it so that programs of public relations would run during the various phases of the proposal. The sales of the Coca-Cola would be the basis of participation of the Good Citizenship Corps. The methods in which the scholarship, and the Jackie Robinson Bat Boy and Girl Good Citizenship Corps would go were under the direction of the Coca-Cola Company. Kendrix had envisioned that the whole proposal would be built around Jackie Robinson. Jackie Robinson Bat Boy and Girl Good Citizenship Corps qualified boys and girls to be apart of the corps under the conditions that they would submit a slogan. If they submitted the slogan they were rewarded with a certificate, and a good citizenship button. Many of the children would frame their certificates, and parents would become impressed with the generous effort that Coca-Cola put into the youth. They started this Coca-Cola campaign in the summer so that it might be more effective. The next plan that Moss Kendrix had was The Coca-Cola Leading Negro Citizens’ Contest. The contest lasted for six weeks. The twelve leading Negros would be picked by way of essays written by African American children ages fourteen to eighteen years of age. The twelve that were selected were commended in a full page that was carried out by the Coca- Cola Company. The last part of the proposal was â€Å"These Twelve† Scholarship Contest. This contest was open to all high school seniors. In order to enter the contest they have to write long papers. Four 41,000 scholarships were given on a regional basis. This contest permitted local bottle holders to be apart of this scholarship. Although this plan that he had put together was going to mainly target the young Negro youth, it was going to reach the other parts of the African American population. Kendrix had the opportunities to work with celebrities while he worked on this Coca-Cola proposal. He worked with Coca-Cola until the early 1970s. Kendrix could multi-task. While he was getting the Coca-Cola Proposal together he was creating The National Association of Market Developers. The National Association of Market Developers or (NAMD) was created in 1953 at Tennessee State University. This group was created in support of minorities in the Public Relations field. It was a vital tool used during the 1950s to help black marketing specialist deal with black consumer market. Today the group is still in existence, and it is known as The National Alliance of Developers. The NAMD is based on a five Point Plan: serve as a National African-American Consumer Resource, provide professional support to the community, support students through education and guidance programs, increase the National Alliance of Marketing Developers exposure through national public affairs, develop national liaison with other organizations. The National Alliance of Market Developers still exists to this day. There are chapters in Atlanta, Philadelphia, New York, Chicago, Cleveland, New Orleans, Kansas City, Los Angeles, and Washington D. C; the newest chapter is in Florida.

APUSH Ch 15 Flashcard

APUSH Ch 15

Concept of Inflation Essay Example

Concept of Inflation Essay Example Concept of Inflation Essay Concept of Inflation Essay What is causing Inflation? Inflation is the rise in prices which occurs when the demand for goods and services exceeds their available supply. In simpler terms, inflation is a situation where too much money chases too few goods. In India, the wholesale price index (WPI), which was the main measure of the inflation rate consisted of three main components primary articles, which included food articles, constituting 22% of the index; fuel, constituting 14% of the index; and manufactured goods, which accounted for the remaining 64% of the index. For purposes of analysis and to measure more accurately the price levels for different sections of society and as well for different regions, the RBI also kept track of consumer price indices. The average annual GDP growth in the 2000s was about 6% and during the second quarter (July- September) of fiscal 2006-2007, the growth rate was as high as 9. 2%. All this growth was bound to lead to higher demand for goods. However, the growth in the supply of goods, especially food articles such as wheat and pulses, did not keep pace with the growth in demand. As a result, the prices of food articles increased. According to Subir Gokarn, Executive Director and Chief Economist, CRISIL, The inflationary pressures have been particularly acute this time due to supply side constraints [of food articles] which are a combination of temporary and structural factors. Measures Taken In late 2006 and early 2007, the RBI announced some measures to control inflation. These measures included increasing repo rates, the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) and reducing the rate of interest on cash deposited by banks with the RBI. With the increase in the repo rates and bank rates, banks had to pay a higher interest rate for the money they borrowed from the RBI. Consequently, the banks increased the rate at which they lent to their customers. The increase in the CRR reduced the money supply in the system because banks now had to keep more money as reserves. On December 08, 2006, the RBI again increased the CRR by 50 basis points to 5. 5%. On January 31, 2007, the RBI increased the repo rate by 25 basis points to 7. 5% Some Perspectives The RBIs and the governments response to the inflation witnessed in 2006-07 was said to be based on traditional anti-inflation measures. However, some economists argued that the steps taken by the government to control inflation were not enough Outlook Several analysts were of the view that the RBI could have handled the 2006-07 inflation without tinkering with the interest rates, which according to them could slow down economic growth. Others believed that high inflation was often seen by investors as a sign of economic mismanagement and sustained high inflation would affect investor confidence in the economy. However, the inflation rate in emerging economies was usually higher than developed economies Knowing Inflation†¦ By inflation one generally means rise in prices. To be more correct inflation is persistent rise in the general price level rather than a once-for-all rise in it, while deflation is persistent falling price. A situation is described as inflationary when either the prices or the supply of money are rising, but in practice both will rise together. These days economies of all countries whether underdeveloped, developing as well developed suffers from inflation. Inflation or persistent rising prices are major problem today in world. Because of many reasons, first, the rate of inflation these years are much high than experienced earlier periods. Second, Inflation in these years coexists with high rate of unemployment, which is a new phenomenon and made it difficult to control inflation. An inflationary situation is where there is too much money chasing too few goods. As products/services are scarce in relation to the money available in the hands of buyers, prices of the products/services rise to adjust for the larger quantum of money chasing them. As someone once said, Inflation is when you pay Rs. 15 for a Rs. 10 haircut you used to get for Rs. 5 when you had hair. Inflation in Indian Context†¦ Inflation is no stranger to the Indian economy. The Indian economy has been registering stupendous growth after the liberalization of Indian economy. In fact, till the early nineties Indians were used to ignore inflation. But, since the mid-nineties controlling inflation has become a priority. The natural fallout of this has been that we, as a nation, have become virtually intolerant to inflation. The opening up of the Indian economy in the early 1990s had increased Indias industrial output and consequently has raised the India Inflation Rate. While inflation was primarily caused by domestic factors (supply usually was unable to meet demand, resulting in the classical definition of inflation of too much money chasing too few goods), today the situation has changed significantly. Inflation today is caused more by global rather than by domestic factors. Naturally, as the Indian economy undergoes structural changes, the causes of domestic inflation too have undergone tectonic changes. The main cause of rise in the rate of inflation rate in India is the pricing disparity of agricultural products between the producer and consumers in the Indian market. Moreover, the sky- rocketing of prices of food products, manufacturing products, and essential commodities have also catapulted the inflation rate in India. Furthermore, the unstable international crude oil prices have worsened the situation. Defining causes of Inflation†¦ What exactly is the nature of this inflation which has the nation in its grip? The different causes of inflation which are experienced in Indian economy in a large proportion would be:- Demand-pull inflation: This is basically when the aggregate demand in an economy exceeds the aggregate supply. It is also defined as `too much money chasing too few goods. Bare-boned, it means that a country is capable of producing only 100 items but the demand is for 105 items. Its a very simple demand-supply issue. The more demand there is, the costlier it becomes. Much the same as the way real estate in the country is rising. Cost-push inflation: This is caused when there is a supply shock. This represents the condition where, even though there is no increase in Aggregate Demand, prices may still rise. I. e. non availability of a commodity would lead to increase in prices. This may happen if the costs of especially wage cost rise. Imported Inflation: This is inflation due to increases in the prices of imports. Increases in the prices of imported final products directly affect any expenditure-based measure of inflation. They play an important role in driving the rise in domestic prices. The rise in the global prices of crude oil and agricultural commodities, including food grains, and industrial products, and setbacks to global economy resulting from sub-prime mortgage disaster and US recession have contributed to India’s inflation. Other Causes: ?When the government of a country print money in excess, prices increase to keep up with the increase in currency, leading to inflation. ?Increase in production and labor costs, have a direct impact on the price of the final product, resulting in inflation. ?When countries borrow money, they have to cope with the interest burden. This interest burden results in inflation. ?High taxes on consumer products, can also lead to inflation. An increase in indirect taxes can also lead to increased production costs. ?Inflation can artificially be created through a circular increase in wage earners demands and then the subsequent increase in producer costs which will drive up the prices of their goods and services. This will then translate back into higher prices for the wage earners or consumers. As demands go higher from each side, inflation will continue to rise. ?Debt, war and other issues that cause a drastic financial blunder can also cause the inflation.

Health care policy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health care policy - Coursework Example Consequently, the health care model of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) ensured that mental health parity was both protected and guaranteed (Rich, 2013). In 2009, Rep. Patrick Kennedy led a successful legislative endeavor to assure mental health parity (Rich, 2013). Due to Kennedy’s efforts, the legislation was integrated into the Affordable Care Act, which stipulated a basic benefits policy guaranteeing sufficient health services, including mental health privileges. Effective 2011, the ACA also introduced a new Medicaid state package option to allow subscribers with at least one critical and long-term mental health condition to nominate a mental health services provider as a health home (Rich, 2013). Effective October 2011 to December 2015, the ACA prescribed a novel demonstration initiative to pledge Medicaid remittances to mental health service providers for adult subscribers who need containment of exigent conditions. Based on a provision that became effective in 2010, the ACA facilitates the establishment of inter and multidisciplinary mental and behavioral health orientation initiatives (Walker, 2014). Finally, the ACA p romotes the creation of orientation programs that concentrate on primary care frameworks that incorporate mental and physical health amenities. Funds for this provision started in 2010 and are slated to end in December 2015 (Rich,

The potential effects of Radiation poisoning due to the earthquake in Essay

The potential effects of Radiation poisoning due to the earthquake in Japan - Essay Example Several highly unfavorable complications in response to a person’s exposure may be enumerated at random including sudden illness followed by nausea and vomiting within approximately 10 Sv-quantity of radiation (CBC). Headaches and fever with diarrhea may further result since the external bodily systems in direct contact with radioactivity affect the digestive tract and the bloodstream. Radioactive iodine, Cesium, and Thallium are particularly absorbed in the process through the thyroid gland, the cells lining the stomach and intestine walls, and also targets vulnerability via the bone marrow (CBC). Because it leads to the destruction of white blood cells, the diffused elements of radiation may equivalently contaminate internal body parts with different types of infection and thus spread infectious diseases thereafter (CBC). If the appropriate treatment is not administered urgently and sufficiently, the body’s capacity to properly carry out cell division during reparatio ns becomes diminished and the serious impairment of this function gradually facilitates the growth of cancer cells (CBC).

B&B Hotel Life Cycle Essay Example for Free

BB Hotel Life Cycle Essay Bed and Breakfasts Hotels were established in Europe many years back. The majority of travelers that frequented BB’s in the 1800’s were pioneers, miners, 49’ers seeking gold or professionals traveling from one area to another. Most BB’s offered an accommodation for the night along with a breakfast in the morning which many hungry travelers took advantage of before setting off on the next leg of their journey. As more inns, lodges and hotels were built in the 1900’s, BB’s were seen as an affordable accommodation for people traveling through small towns or in areas that weren’t heavily developed. In the later half of the 20th century, BB’s enjoyed a renaissance in popularity, as many college students and young adults spent time visiting Europe. Most of these travelers spent time in small BB type of pensions or private residences and came back to the states to either open their own BB’s or sought them out as affordable accommodation options. They introduced in the U. S. in the mid to late 1960s. It is estimated that there are in excess 30,000 BBs at this time that represents a jump from only 2,000 in the late 1970s. The concept is now very mature average number of rooms per property has increase dramatically, occupancy rates are up, and national, state, and regional associations are setting standards. There are even a myriad of newsletters, travel publications and guide books available. Today, BB’s offer a warm and cozy alternative to the corporate hotel or motel. Most BB’s pride themselves on being privately owned and operated, as well as offering accommodations in quaint and cozy homes in locations that offer historical, leisure or small town attractions. Current stage The Bed Breakfast and Hostel Accommodations industry is in the mature phase of its life cycle The industry, however, is relatively new, having grown significantly since the early- to mid-1980s. Overall, the industry is still evolving and matching the varying (and growing) needs of various segments of the domestic and international tourism market. The industry has developed its own niche in the accommodations industry based on specific market needs and demand. Over the 10 years to 2017, industry value added, which measures an industry’s contribution to GDP, will grow at an annual rate of 1. % per year, compared to GDP growth over the same period of 1. 9%. The industry is still in a long-term mature phase, despite recent slow growth or contraction due to increased geopolitical tension from terrorist attacks and the declines in travel demand in response to the Great Recession. Over the ten years to 2017, industry value added (IVA), which measures an industry’s contribution to GDP, is expected to grow 1. 4% per year, while GDP is expected to grow 1. 8% per year. The Bed and Breakfast and Hostel Accommodations industry has fought declining demand over the past few years. With the onset of the recession, all forms of travel accommodation experienced revenue drops as consumers became more concerned about finances and made cutbacks on luxuries, including travel. From 2007 to 2017, domestic trips will increase 1. 1% to 758. 4 million. However, over the same period, international visitor arrivals will rise from 56. 0 million to 86. 2 million, or 4. 4% per year, after a slump from late 2007 to 2009. Overall, however, each of the major industry components displayed an upward trend over this period that was roughly in line with GDP growth. Future industry growth will increasingly correspond with rising global income, particularly in countries in East Asia and South America and an increasing propensity to travel internationally. Increasing incomes and the aging of the population are also expected to lead to significant growth in the domestic market. On the other hand, within the key industry segments, the Tourism industry will continue to display slow growth due to strong competition from internet-based, direct booking products. Lead time require for products The bed and breakfast (BB) segment covers a variety of types of establishments and makes 69. % of industry revenue. Homestay, farm stay or host homes, where guests share rooms and facilities with owners, are included within this segment. There are also home BBs, which provide a secondary source of revenue to the owner’s primary income and can be homes with four of five rooms converted to provide BB services to guests. BB inns or hotels are usually established as businesses to provide primary financial support for owner/operators. Breakfast is the only meal served to guests and the establishment can provide accommodations for between four and 0 guests. Quite often these are used for small weddings or business meetings. On the other hand, country inns are established as businesses with owners actively involved in its daily operations, and have between six and 30 rooms. They operate as a lodging place and have a restaurant with a liquor license. The accommodations may include lodging, dinner and breakfast included in the room rate. However, compare to other regular hotel, BB hotel need less ac tivities. It is need a short time to prepare new product, it’s easier for owners to improve it.

The Pursuit of Happiness and the Union of Aristotle and Genesis Essay

The Pursuit of Happiness and the Union of Aristotle and Genesis Two major schools of thought broadly influenced the development of the moral code of Western Civilization. The Judeo-Christian tradition gave us faith and God through the text of the Bible. The ancient Greeks gave us philosophical inquiry and "the Good" through the teachings of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. In his Nichomachean Ethics, Aristotle proposes that "the Good" is the highest end of man’s actions. Happiness is "the Good" because it is the only end man pursues with no other end in mind. A man obtains this highest end by living his life in a virtuous manner. In marked contrast, a careful reading of Genesis shows that, in the world of the Hebrews, the highest end of a man’s actions is faith in and communication with God himself. Oneness with God is the highest end because no other god exists. A man obtains this highest end by obeying God’s commands and fulfilling God’s plan for him. On first examination, the differences between these two construc ts seem negligible. But when we look closely at the ways in which the men of Genesis obtain their highest ends, we find that their means are less than virtuous in the eyes of Aristotle. To reach God, the ends seem to justify the means, while to reach "the Good", the virtuous path is crucial. Although this inherent difference in the two systems of morality seems to oppose them to one another, the difference between them has actually helped meld them together to form our modern view of happiness. We need both views: that wicked means will corrupt even the best ends, and that good ends can justify any means. In fact, there are stories in each text that describe a man who finds happiness through God, or "the Good," ... ...e which cannot be taken away; second, according to Genesis, because we have been given happiness by communion with a God who is ever present. Although not everyone considered to be a member of Western society holds these views on happiness, one can see these two roots in our construct of happiness. In our very American constitution, we acknowledge our inalienable right to the "pursuit of happiness." This phrase represents nothing other than the ultimate union of Aristotle and Genesis: we are guaranteed as humans, as a God-given right, the ability to strive for happiness through the Aristotelian process. NOTES 1. Aristotle, Nichomachean Ethics, trans. Martin Ostwald (Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 1999). 2. Genesis, trans. Robert Alter (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1996). 3. The Holy Bible, King James Version (New York: American Bible Society).

Chinese Discrimination in the United States Essay

The Chinese immigrated to the United States in during the 1800s; Official records show that before 1857, 46 Chinese immigrants were in the United States. Over the next 30 years more that 200,000 Chinese had immigrated to the United States. This immigration wave was largely because of the push of the awful conditions in China and the pull of the discovery of gold, and, job opportunities in the west (Immigration and the United States, Schafer, 2006). During the 1860s railroad work was abundant. The two lines, Central Union and Pacific Union, were the largest employer of the Chinese and the Irish. Working the Central Union was dangerous work through rough terrain. The work was dominated by the Chinese. Despite being 90% of the laborers the Chinese were paid less that the Irish who were 10% of the laborers. This dual labor market continues until the completion of the railroads. Regardless of being the majority of the laborers, the Chinese were excluded from the Golden Spike ceremony in Promontory, Utah. After the completion of the completion of the railroad, the Chinese immigrants continued to accept work that others would not do. This caused an industrial dependence on cheap labor to fuel the American economy. The Chinese were welcome as the economy needed them. When the labor was finished, they were no longer welcome. The Chinese welcome was short lived because of stereotypes that were prevalent before immigration. American traders and Protestant missionaries spoke to the American people of the Chinese exotic and sinister manners. These stereotypes caused sinophobia. This sinophobia directly resulted in the â€Å"Yellow Peril†, a threatened expansion of Asian populations as magnified in western immigration (answers. com). Takai, in 1989, noted that the fear of the Yellow Peril shattered any appetite to learn more about the customs of the Chinese, or, themselves as a people. Sinophobia was compounded when the government passed the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. This government action not only outlawed Chinese immigration and naturalization for 10 years, but it led the American people to further discrimination; any thought that the discrimination was unjust and unfounded was alleviated through the governmental act. At the end of the act’s 10 year run, it was continued another 10 years, and, the practice continued into the 20th century. On December 17, 1943, the Magnuson Act repealed the Exclusion Act. Repealing the act allowed growth and assimilation of the Chinese people. â€Å"The Chinese exhibit high affluence combined with a relatively high degree of segregation from Whites in a few metropolitan areas (Lee, C. N. , 2004). Redlining leads to the belief that the manisfestation of suburban ethnic districts may alleviate the need to bodily intergrate with Whites to obtain greater socioeconomic success. Despite the menial jobs the Chinese continued to grow financially, and, the affluent Chinese continued to live next door to their poorer neighborhood, an act of self-segregation; with the self-segregation encouraged forming their own chamber of commerce, public library, and hospitals. â€Å"The true destructive nature of residential segregation reared the discrimination perpetuated by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), Homeowners Loan Act, Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the real estate industry, banks, and other financial institutions (Massey & Denon, 1993). Chinatown, San Francisco, is not just the largest Chinese Town outside of Asia, but is the largest example of redlining. The 1870 anti-Chinese ordinances passed in San Francisco to curtail housing and employment options. The ordinances passed successfully pushed the Chinese into an unwanted area. Having them in one area made it easier for San Francisco law enforcement of curfews. In the San Francisco bay area the garment industry is made up of 53% Asian workers, mostly women. â€Å"These ‘sweat shops’ are overcrowded, not well ventilated and poorly lit† (urbanhabitat. org). The garment workers are exposed to particles and toxic chemicals. Many women bring their children to work with them, and the particles and chemicals are known to be especially are harmful to children. Many Asian-American associates support reverse discrimination against Asian-Americans as demonstrated by being denied college entrance (asianam. com). Many Chinese are making donations to the very organizations that are anti-Chinese, in exchange for denial of Asian-American’s denial to colleges and universities. Thomas Espenthade and Alexandria Walton Radford examined data on students applying to college in 1997 and discovered what looks to be different standards for different racial groups. They found that Asian-Americans needed to have nearly perfect SAT scores of 1550 to have the same chances as other races which were requiring scores of 1100 to 1410. They also noted that other races were three to 15 times more likely to be accepted to university. Stephen Hsu noted that it appeared that the university’s magically end up with 20% Asian students. One Princeton lecturer asked if that number represents the â€Å"Asian Ceiling†. Is affirmation action working? â€Å"Advocates of affirmation action argue that it is needed because of historical discrimination. Maybe that was true in 1970, but it is no longer true affirmative action is now a part of the minority machine, an indispensable component which is perpetual victimhood† (jonstosselfoxnews. com). Yet another straddle that the Chinese have endured is the Glass Ceiling. Although experienced by both men and women, a double jeopardy has been attached to Chinese women. A Chinese man has a better opportunity to move up the ladder than a Chinese woman. In general, at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 2000 one in 10 is on the professional staff while one in 25 was a manager (Varma, 2004). As a whole, the Chinese are underrepresented as CEOs. Board members, and high level managers. While researching this essay I have discovered that the Chinese-Americans have endured. Upon arrival in the 1800s. I have become more culturally aware of their movement to quash stereotypes and discrimination, and there attempt to mainstream there culture in the United States. 1) asianam. com 2) jonstosselfoxnews. com 3) Lee, C. N. , 2004 4) Massey & Denon, 1993 5) Immigration and the United States, Schaefer, R. D. , 2006 6) urbanhabitat. org 7) Varma, 2004.

Purdue University Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Purdue University is a public research university with an acceptance rate of 58%. Students can apply to Purdue using the Common Application or Coalition Application. When applying, students must indicate a first and second choice major. Purdue notes that they consider your grades relating to your intended major in the application review process. Considering applying to Purdue? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Why Purdue University? Location: West Lafayette, IndianaCampus: Purdues main campus spreads across 2,600 acres with an additional 15,000 acres dedicated to agricultural and industrial research. Athletic facilities include two 18-hole golf courses and the 62,500-seat Ross-Ade Stadium.Student/Faculty Ratio: 13:1Athletics: The Purdue Boilermakers compete in the NCAA Division I Big Ten Conference.Highlights: Along with strong STEM fields, Purdue earned a chapter of Phi Beta Kappa for its strengths in the liberal arts and sciences. Students can choose from over 200 undergraduate majors, 80 graduate programs, and over 900 clubs and organizations. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Purdue University had an acceptance rate of 58%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 58 were admitted, making Purdues admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 53,442 Percent Admitted 58% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 27% SAT Scores and Requirements Purdue requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 76% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 590 680 Math 590 730 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Purdues admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Purdue scored between 590 and 680, while 25% scored below 590 and 25% scored above 680. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 590 and 730, while 25% scored below 590 and 25% scored above 730. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1410 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Purdue. Requirements Purdue does not require the SAT writing section. Note that Purdue participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. SAT Subject tests are not required at Purdue. ACT Scores and Requirements Purdue University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 51% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 24 33 Math 26 32 Composite 25 32 This admissions data tells us that most of Purdues admitted students fall within the top 22% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Purdue received a composite ACT score between 25 and 32, while 25% scored above 32 and 25% scored below 25. Requirements Purdue does not require the ACT writing section. Unlike many universities, Purdue superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA In 2018, the middle 50% of Purdue Universitys incoming class had high school GPAs between 3.5 and 3.9. 25% had a GPA above 3.9, and 25% had a GPA below 3.5. These results suggest that most successful applicants to Purdue have primarily high B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Purdue University Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph.   Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Purdue University. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Purdue University, which accepts over half of applicants, has a selective admissions process. If your SAT/ACT scores and GPA fall within the schools average ranges, you have a strong chance of being admitted. Note that students with grades and test scores that were on target for Purdue still got rejected, while students were accepted with test scores and grades below the norm.  This is because Purdue has a holistic admissions process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. A strong application essay and Purdue supplement can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful extracurricular activities and a rigorous course schedule. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their test scores are outside of Purdues average range. As the scattergram above reveals, students who are admitted to Purdue tend to have strong GPAs and test scores. The blue and green represent accepted students so you can see that the majority of students who got into Purdue had a high school average of B or higher, an ACT composite score above 20, and a combined SAT score (ERWM) above 1050. The chances for admission increase as those grades and test scores go up. All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Purdue University Undergraduate Admissions Office.